Mocht je tijd over hebben, wat nuance in het hele (trans)genderverhaal, intersekse en sport. Zijn tien pagina's en pagina tien is een samenvatting van de eerste negen.
https://www.eur.nl/esphil/media/118898
Summary
• While most people think that sex is binary, the reality is much more complicated than that.
All (six) markers of sex may vary within individuals, resulting in various combinations.
• Sex and gender are intertwined, as our understanding of what sex is, coloured by socialization,
and cultural and societal beliefs around it.
• The tradition of separating women and men in sports is based on the presumption that women
are weak and need protection. This is mainly based on beliefs and ideology around what it means
to be a man or a woman and not on scientifically validated research.
• Approximately 1,7% of the global population, or 1 in 60, have some sort of intersex condition,
more often women than men. Artificially lowering testosterone levels, chemically or through
surgery can have serious and irreversible side effects to a person’s health. Forcing women with an
intersex condition to do so in order to let them compete is unethical.
• There is little research on trans women and athletic performance. The few studies we have, state
there is no reason to exclude trans women who have undergone hormone replacement therapy
from competing in the women’s category.
• While on average men have higher testosterone levels than women there is an overlap, and
testosterone levels don’t say anything about how much the body is using. Measuring testosterone
levels alone is thus not very useful.
• The IOC and many international sports federations, impose strict regulations on both trans
women and women with an intersex condition, to allow them to compete in the women’s category.
These regulations are mostly not based on evidence-based research but on what people think
they know about trans women and women with high testosterone levels.
• What fairness and unfair advantage is in elite sport, is an important discussion. Being tall is an
advantage in many sports, being petite in others. There are over 200 genetic variations that have
been identified as having an influence on athletic performance, for instance on oxygen uptake,
muscle protein and a lot of other factors. Why do we focus so much on gender, sex and
testosterone, when there are so many variables?
https://www.eur.nl/eur-in-focus/nieuws/ ... ane_Khelif
En specifiek over Imane Kehlif.